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Compartment
Syndrome:Your Body's Reaction to Trauma
The word compartment refers
to the area within the fascia, or strong connective tissue, that
is made up of muscle tissue, blood vessels and nerves. Compartment
syndrome generally occurs as the result of a traumatic injury; however
it can also result when a limb is severely restricted by a cast
or bandage that is too tight. Fascia does not expand, so, when the
pressure builds up inside the compartment, the muscles and blood
vessels are compressed and eventually lose feeling, causing permanent
damage to the muscle. In its most extreme cases, compartment syndrome
can lead to death of the limb and will require amputation.
There are two types of compartment syndrome:
- Acute compartment syndrome - Acute
compartment syndrome is the result of an acute injury
- Chronic compartment syndrome - Chronic compartment
syndrome occurs chronically within a muscle region during periods
of exercise and usually occurs in the lower leg area.
Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome:
The most pronounced symptom of compartment syndrome is severe pain
that does not respond to medication, ice, or elevation. As the pain
increases the limb will begin to lose sensation and the skin will
become increasingly pale. If you feel that you may be suffering
from compartment syndrome you need to seek medical attention immediately.
Treatment for Compartment Syndrome:
The treatment for compartment syndrome, both acute and chronic,
is surgery. Long incisions are made in the fascia in order to release
the pressure. The incisions are left open to heal and are closed
during a second surgical procedure.
Recovery from this type of surgery is significant. The fascia and
the muscles will need time to heal before regular activity can be
resumed. There can be a great deal of pain when trying to walk for
up to 3 weeks following the surgery. Every case is different, however,
and if you have just had surgery consult your physician to find
out how long he or she thinks it will take for you to recover.
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