| |
|
|
 |
Mixed Glycosaminoglycans
The chemically accepted and preferred
name for mucopolysaccharides is glycosaminoglycans. These are
proteins attached to unbranched chain of polysaccacharides (generally
composed of manose, glucose, sucrose and simple sugars molecules
and often some amino sugars or peptides which replace the OH
groups of deoxy sugars) of alternating uronic acid and hexosamine
residues. The extracellular spaces, particularly those of connective
tissues such as cartilage, tendon, skin, and blood vessel walls,
consist of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in a gel-like
matrix known as ground substance. Ground substance is composed
largely of glycosaminoglycans and Glycoproteins; known together
as Proteoglycans as these two substances aggregate together
covalently and noncovalently.
It is critically important that glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins
(such as NAG, or N-Acetylglycosamine, and NAM, or N-Acetylmuramic
Acid) are used together in supplement form, as often glycosaminoglycans
by themselves are less powerful. By themselves, solutions of
glycosaminoglycans have a slimy mucus-like consistency that
results from their high viscosity and elasticity. (1)Glycosaminoglycans
are composed of an essential family of chemical substances,
including Hyaluronic Acid, Glucosamine, Chondroitin-4-sulfate,
Chondroitin-6-sulphate, Dermatan Sulfate, Keratan Sulfate and
a sulfated glycosaminoglycan called Heparin. Chondroitan sulphate
is a constituent of acidic glycosaminoglycans found in arterial
walls.
These substances have anti-coagulant, anti-lipemic and anti-thrombogenic
properties in addtion to facilitating wound healing. They appear
to form complexes with VLDL and LDL lipoproteins. (2) Glycoproteins
are covalently associated with carbohydrates, are present in
all forms of lives and have functions that span the entire spectrum
of protein activities, including those of enzymes, transport
proteins, cell-to-cell recognition and receptor capabilities,
hormones, and structural proteins.NAG is a key amino sugar necessary
for the construction of connective tissue. NAG is generally
produced in the body by the combination of glucose with glutamine
to form glucosamine through the enzymatic action of the enzyme
glucosamine synthetase. The molecule is then acetylated to form
N-acetyl-glucosamine. NAG is a component of glycosaminoglyccans
and glycoproteins which are integral parts of cell membranes
and cell surface proteins, as well as the extracellular membranes
and interstitial tissues which hold cells together. Several
diseases, including diabetes mellitus and cystic fibroisis involve
abnormalities in proteglycns and glycosaminoglycans.
Mucosal cells lining the digestive tract turnover at a very
high rate, the whole layer renewing in 3-4 days. This renewal
rate requires the high quantities of NAG to replace the cells
and to renew the interstitial tissue. Inflammatory bowel diseases
require the body to produce even higher quantities of NAG, which
may be better provided by supplementation. NAG is critical in
rebuilding tissue after injury. Under circumstances of poor
diet, deficiencies, disease, injury or aging, the body may not
be able to keep up with NAG tissue requirements.Cartilage consists
largely of a meshwork of collagen fibrils that is filled in
by Proteglycans whose chondroitin sulfate and core protein components
specifically interact with the collagen. The tensile strength
of cartilage and other connective tissues is a consequence of
their collagen content.
Cartilage's characteristic resilience, however, results from
its high Proteoglycan content (Glycosaminoglycans plus Glycoproteins/core
proteins), and thus the importance of avoiding supplementation
with Glycosaminoglycans alone. Proteoglycans modulate the effects
of protein growth factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor
(bFGF), which cause specific target cells to grow and differentiate.
Apparently, the abundant and ubiquitous distribution of Proteoglycans
limits the action of these growth factors on their target cells
to short distances from the cells secreting the growth factors,
greatly influencing the formation and maintenance of tissue
architecture, and thus the cartilage that is regenerated within
joints, etc.Moreover, Proteoglycans, made from polyanionic Keratan
Sulfate and Chondroitin Sulfate (Glycosaminoglycans which are
capable of holding an electromagnetic charge), cause cartilage
to become highly hydrated, or infused with water. In fact, the
application of pressure on cartilage squeezes water away from
charged regions until charge-charge repulsions prevent further
compression. When the pressure is released, the water returns
into the cartilage. In fact, the cartilage in the joints, which
lack blood vessels, is nourished by this flow of liquid brought
solely by body movements.
This explains why long periods of inactivity cause joint cartilage
to remain unnourished, allowing it to degrade, becoming thin
and fragile, and clearly demonstrates once again why both Glycosaminoglycans
plus Glycoproteins, or Proteoglycans, such only be used.Probably
the best source of all balanced natural Proteoglycans (Glycosaminoglycans
and Glycoproteins) can be found in Vaxa products which consists
in the New Zealand sea muscle, Perna Canaliculous, and to a
lesser extent shark cartilage, where the entire family of Proteoglycans
(Glycosaminoglycans plus Glycoproteins/core proteins) can be
found together. Aloe vera is also a plant source for Glycosaminoglycans,
but these appear to be slightly more unstable, and there are
fewer Glycoproteins/core proteins available than in animal/fish
sources.
There is growing evidence that Proteoglycans (Glycosaminoglycans
plus Glycoproteins/core proteins) are critically essential for
many living cells, necessary for cellular regeneration and having
neurotransmitter-like properties, communicating inter- and intracellularly
with biochemical pathways and growth strategies. The varying
size and chaining possibilities determine their healing and
immuno-stimulating properties.
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
 |
BUFFER PH
pH Balancer
Price: $29.95
|
| ATTEND STRATEGY PAC
|
 |
For Inattentiveness, Memory, and Stress
Price: $81.95
|
 |
PARASITIN
Parasite Cleanse
Price: $29.95
|
 |
CLEARIN
Acne & Blemishes
Price: $25.95
|
|
|
