Colon polyps: Precursors to colon cancer

A polyp is a growth that occurs in the colon and other organs. These growths, or fleshy tumors, are shaped like a mushroom or a dome-like button, and occur on the inside lining of the colon. They may be as small as a tiny pea or larger than a plum. Colon polyps start out as benign tumors but in time may become malignant. The larger the polyp, the more likely it is to contain cancer cells. Although they're very common among older people, it is not clear what causes polyps in most cases.

People with a family history of colon polyps or colon cancer face an increased risk of developing polyps, though more than 95 percent of people with colon polyps do not have any family history. Other possible risk factors for developing colon polyps include a diet low in fiber, folate or calcium; a diet high in fat or alcohol; cigarette smoking and obesity.

Not all polyps become cancerous. However, almost all cases of colon cancer develop in polyps. Doctors still aren't clear why some polyps turn into cancer while others do not. Large polyps and those with a certain microscopic appearance are more likely to become cancerous than others.

The process is of a colon polyp developing into colon cancer is relatively slow. Many studies have shown that it takes at least four to five years -- and usually longer -- for cancer to develop in a polyp. Since there's no proven way to prevent polyp formation, doctors and scientists are focusing on finding and removing colon polyps before they become cancerous.

If there is a family history of colon polyps or cancer, a colonoscopy should be performed to remove the polyps before they become malignant.

Detection of colon polyps

The key to early detection of colon polyps and cancer is seeking medical attention from a physician, who will consider medical history to identify risk factors for colon polyps. If there is sufficient concern, your doctor may perform several tests to determine the presence of colon polyps, including a stool exam, colonoscopy or a barium enema.

Prevention

Dietary changes can decrease your risk of developing colon polyps. Calcium is believed to regulate the growth of the cells that line the inside of the colon. This may be why medical studies are beginning to show that people who get 1000-1500 mg of calcium a day in their diet have less colon cancer.

Saturated fat may be broken down in the body to carcinogens which can lead to colon cancer. Saturated fat is found in many prepared foods such as pastries and sauces and in meats. A significant reduction in saturated fat intake is recommended for many health benefits.

Increasing dietary fiber, regular exercise and natural colon cleansing are also good preventative measures.