Risks and Potential Side Effects of Spondylolisthesis Surgery
Spondylolisthesis surgery is almost always considered the last resort for patients who suffer from symptoms associated with vertebral slippage. In fact, only about one out of every five spondylolisthesis cases requires surgery. The other 80 percent of patients find that they can achieve relief through the use of conservative treatment, including pain medication, exercise, stretching, and other methods. However, if chronic symptoms persist after several weeks or months of conservative treatment - or if the vertebral slippage threatens to cause permanent nerve damage - surgery might become an option
Risks and Side Effects of Spinal Fusion
The main surgical procedure used to correct vertebral slippage is spinal fusion. The primary goals of fusion are twofold: to relieve nerve compression, and to stabilize the affected vertebral segment. This is accomplished by removing the portion of the spinal anatomy causing the nerve compression, then inserting a bone graft (often with plastic or metal stabilizing hardware). Fusion is a major, open back or neck procedure, requiring several days of hospitalization, general anesthesia, and a long period of recuperation. In addition, patients should be aware of the risks and potential side effects of spinal fusion, which include:
- Fusion failure - A false joint, known as pseudoarthrosis, might develop if the bones don't fuse as expected; additional surgery might become necessary.
- Bone graft rejection - For a variety of reasons, including incompatibility, the body may not respond well to the introduction of new bone material.
- Anesthesia - A small percentage of patients experience adverse reactions to general anesthesia, including a reduction of lung function while unconscious.
- Blood clots - Also known as thrombosis; steps must be taken by the surgical team to prevent serious thrombosis-related problems, including pulmonary embolism.
- Infection - This is not common, but unpredictable; if an infection occurs beneath the skin, additional surgery might be required.
- Nerve damage - A surgical instrument that bumps or cuts a nerve can cause permanent damage.
The Next Step
Anyone considering spondylolisthesis surgery should ask his or her physician or spine specialist to explain, in detail, everything involved in spinal fusion. A second (and even a third) opinion should be sought, to make sure that all nonsurgical options have been attempted.
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