The Differences Between a Herniated Disc and a Bulging Disc

Two very similar, yet often uniquely distinct, spinal conditions are herniated discs and bulging discs. Both conditions can cause symptoms of pain, discomfort, numbness, tingling, muscle weakness, and muscle spasms by irritating a spinal nerve, but there is one key difference between a herniated disc and a bulging disc. A herniated disc occurs when there is a hernia, or a tear, in the outer wall of an intervertebral disc. As the disc's annulus fibrosus, or outer wall, opens up, fluid from the inner nucleus pulposus may seep out and irritate nearby nerves.

A bulging disc occurs when a section of the disc becomes weak, and, due to pressure from weight above, the disc protrudes beyond the boundaries of the vertebrae above and below it.

Does a Disc Also Bulge When it Herniates?

Generally speaking, a herniated disc will not also bulge. Bulging discs occur when a section of a disc is weakened and bubbles out, but the outer wall of the disc remains intact. When discs herniate, there is a tear in the outer wall, and the inner fluid of the disc may seep out and irritate a nerve, but the disc wall itself will probably not bulge. However, it is possible for a bulging disc to eventually weaken to the point that it tears open and becomes a herniated disc. As pressure is relieved by the disc tear and fluid leakage, the disc's former bulge typically will recede.

How is a Herniated Disc Healed?

After a disc herniates, and possibly seeps out some of the inner fluid, the disc will heal itself in most cases. When the disc heals, its annulus fibrosus it forms a weak scar tissue to seal the wall, and is more susceptible to future hernias. However, not all herniated discs heal and some may even produce chronic, debilitating symptoms for months or years.

If you believe you have suffered from a herniated disc, it is best to see your doctor and explain the symptoms you have been experiencing. Your doctor will give you a proper diagnosis and suggest conservative treatment options such as rest and physical therapy, as well as oral medications and spinal injections, to help with the symptoms in hopes that the herniated disc healing process will take place.