Understanding Degenerative Disc Disease in the Neck

Degenerative disc disease in the neck, or cervical region of the spine, is not as commonly diagnosed as lumbar (lower back) degenerative disc disease. Both the lumbar and cervical regions of the spine are highly flexible parts of the body and are subjected to large amounts of stress. However, as the main weight-bearing spinal segment for the upper body, the lumbar zone experiences degenerative changes more frequently. Nonetheless, the cervical spine, which is responsible for supporting the weight of the head and allowing many directional movements, is susceptible to disc degeneration and its associated symptoms.

Process of Disc Degeneration

The discs that lie between vertebrae act as the spine’s shock absorbers and allow the spine to be extremely flexible. Degeneration begins as the normally saturated discs dehydrate and become brittle. The disc’s outer wall (annulus fibrosus) is weakened and becomes more susceptible to bulging or tearing. Most people will have one or more degenerative discs that will develop over time, but in some cases, the process can be accelerated and affect patients in their 20s and 30s. The early onset of cervical disc degeneration can be caused by injury, poor posture, or genetic predisposition, among other factors. Symptoms that arise might include disc pain and stiffness. Radiating symptoms of pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness might also affect the shoulders, arms, and hands if a degenerative disc or associated anatomical abnormality in the neck comes in contact with the spinal cord or nerve roots.

Treatment Options

Treating cervical disc degeneration symptoms typically begins conservatively (non-surgically), with doctor-prescribed pain medication, physical therapy, cold/heat therapy, and low-impact exercises. Some patients find that alternative (natural) treatments, such as neck massages, chiropractic adjustments, acupuncture, and herbal supplements can also be helpful at alleviating pain. Conservative and alternative methods are usually successful at providing pain relief for the majority of patients within several weeks or months, so surgery is seldom required. Degenerative disc disease surgery is generally reserved for debilitated patients whose symptoms persist, regardless of other non-surgical treatments.